Mankind is heading for a new era of ecological civilization. The construction of ecological civilization requires education to cultivate the ecological citizens of the times. This requires the traditional citizenship theory to accept the challenge of Eco-Citizenship theory, from dealing with the relationship between people and the state to the relationship between man and nature, from focusing only on the public sphere to the private sphere of citizen life, citizen exchanges also need to expand from the nation-state to the human community. Education needs to cultivate eco-citizens with ecological awareness, ecological thinking, ecological virtues, and ecological action with ecological literacy.