The Arab world is currently going through a period of great socio-economic change, unprecedented since the revolutions and wars of independence more than half a century ago. The issue of social justice, which has been a challenge to Arab states over the past decades, is a matter of particular concern. The authors attempt to establish a conceptual background of social justice, and to discuss its linkage with youth, children, women, and refugees. The paper concludes with recommendations on social justice in the Arab world.