The Handbook is to address new situations – and responses to these situations – generated by the global phenomenon of human mobility in urban spaces. Democracies are being threatened by the sustained growth of social gaps and the exclusion of vast sectors of the population from political systems and benefits of development, placing structural limits on the exercise of human rights. In this context, where new tensions and problems have arisen such as massive displacements of the population, the appearance of diverse types of extremism, of wars and conflicts and climate change in turn place these social sectors under conditions of structural inequality, exclusion and discrimination, as the main victims of human rights violations. This Handbook was prepared and published with the support and assistance of the UNESCO Sector for Social and Human Sciences through its Regional Science Bureau in Montevideo and the Latin American and Caribbean Coalition of Cities against Racism, Discrimination and Xenophobia.