This book includes communications by the participants and other materials of the International Conference on Media and Information Literacy for Knowledge Societies (Moscow, Russian Federation, 24–28 June, 2012), that offered a unique opportunity to identify the key existing challenges in the field, to outline policies and professional strategies for the advocacy of media and information literacy (MIL), to promote best practices and strengthen international cooperation among various stakeholders. It also contains the Media and Information Literacy Competencies Catalogue prepared by The Modern Poland Foundation (Warsaw, Poland).