This publication, Niñez y Ciudadanía, is an effort of the Postgraduate Diploma, "Childhood and Public Policies", taught by the Department of Anthropology of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Chile. This course has been held for 5 years, in partnership with the Chilean Association for the United Nations, ACHNU. This first publication presents a selection of those works developed by students graduated from the Diploma in 2010, in which a subject of interest for the researcher is tested and on which a rights approach is applied, which tends to evaluate the situation of the boys and girls in a different way than traditional childhood views; these works are the product of their dissertations to approve this post-title. Also included are some brief essays on the relationship between childhood and violence, elaborated by some of the students of the 2011 generation, in the idea of making available to the interested public a sample of the different forms that acquire the uses of violence on children. It also incorporates a collaboration requested to the anthropologist Dimas Santibáñez, member of the Academic Committee of the Diploma.