The International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2016 (ICCS 2016) investigated the ways in which young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens in a range of countries in the second decade of the 21st century. It studied students’ knowledge and understanding of civics and citizenship as well as students’ attitudes, perceptions, and activities related to civics and citizenship. Based on nationally representative samples of students, the study also examined differences among countries in relation to these outcomes of civic and citizenship education, and explored how cross-national differences relate to student characteristics, school and community contexts, and national characteristics. As the second cycle of this study, ICCS 2016 is a continuation and an extension of ICCS 2009.