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In the process of building the rule of law in China, it is of constitutive significance to cultivate modern citizens with “inner views”. Citizens are both the beneficiaries of legal rights and the bearers of legal obligations. Only when citizens truly enjoy their rights and fulfill their obligations can the rule of law be complete. Some of the difficulties encountered in the construction of China’s rule of law lie in the defects and deficiencies in the cultivation of citizens. Under the traditional Chinese political logic and ethical hierarchy order of family－country isomorphism, civic consciousness and civic personality must be difficult to develop. Therefore, in the unique historical context of China’s rule of law construction, citizen cultivation is not only the fundamental way to promote ethnic integration and build a modern nation state, but also the only way to lay the main body and cultural foundation for the realization of the goal of rule of law, and also the inevitable choice for the country to move towards system modernization. Carrying out legal education, patriotism education and all kinds of civil practice training vigorously, with the growth of citizen’s spirits and the accumulation of social participation will contribute to training the general public gradually to be modern citizens with internal points of view and autonomy ability so as to lay a solid social cultural foundations for the rule of law in China. Therefore, the construction of the rule of law in China is logically presented as a dual structure with dual goals: the rule of law must first help to promote the revival and strength of China, and then the goal to protect civil rights earns its meaning and possibility. At the same time, it presets the inherent logic and basic path of Chinese citizens’ cultivation: training citizens in the process of system construction promotes the growth of the rule of law through citizens’ growth so as to achieve perfection．