This article seeks to contribute to the critical analysis of education for global citizenship in Colombia, as a concept and strategy still under construction. First, the article reflects on four focuses that describe the debates on the strategy. Then it analyzes the opportunities for implementation, especially those associated with the peace agreement between Colombia’s government and revolutionary armed forces, and with the characteristics of a decentralized educational system. To conclude, the study presents the challenges linked to the nation’s political polarization and the need to strengthen education for environmental protection, sexual diversity and gender studies, and the construction of democracy.