The study aims at: Providing a theoretical fundament of ECCAR Indicators to measure racism or (in)equality1 and to evaluate municipal anti-discrimination policies (framework concept), and Discussing related legal and practical issues such as legality and reliability of available ‘ethnic’ data (legal and practical preconditions) in the context of ECCAR’s endeavours to set up an ECCAR-wide applicable system of monitoring racism, discrimination, equality and respective municipal policies. The study is structured in three parts. In the first part, preliminary questions concerning legality and practical feasibility of ‘ethnic’ data collection as a prerequisite for the development of and work with adequate indicators will be discussed. The second part deals with the conceptualization of human rights law as the constructing principle of ECCAR Indicators. It includes the discussion of the proposed model of the ECCAR-ADIX. The third part of the study describes practical examples of indicator use in selected ECCAR member cities. The section shows various approaches and gives evidence on different attempts by municipalities to set up fact-based anti-racism policies but also highlights the variety of methods, data, measurement topics, goals, etc.