The focus of the paper is thus on the institutional frameworks and their effectiveness in policy-making and implementation in health and education and not so much on assessing whether these polices themselves are appropriate. In assessing institutional effectiveness, the paper does not purport to be comprehensive but selective in that it looks at only a few key issues: national, especially public, resource commitments; intra-governmental coordination, both vertical and horizontal; the roles of non-state actors, including private sector, civil society organisations and civil society more generally.